Everything about Menstruation Part Two

2022-04-19

We have previously seen that menstruation has an extensive history of taboo and stigma. Unfortunately, even in the 21st century, periods can still be viewed negatively which in turn affects a woman’s self-esteem and perception of their body. According to Johnston-Robledo and Chrisler (2020),1 they found a lot of stigma coming from male culture and schools where the thinking pattern was fear, disgust, and historical for example, periods viewed as perilous.

To tackle the root, we need to understand why these attitudes are still prevalent in this day and age. One of the primary reasons for this is due to socialization; the nature of advertisements and education had stigmatized menstruation from back in the late 1800s when it was not to be spoken of – till date with ‘This girl can’. Still, there is a lack of acknowledgment of open discussions of blood or using the correct terminologies in describing our vagina, labia, and other lady parts. People will cringe and prefer to use nicknames to make the user feel comfortable; failing to recognize the internalized misogyny following this topic, has allowed a lack of conversation to be made when trying to destigmatize. A blog post by Watson (2021)2 goes into full detail regarding how the advertising of periods has evolved throughout the past century.

Periods in nature have this preconceived notion that one should be discreet when menstruating, we all know the look we give our friends to check if we have not leaked through or the casual glance when we need an extra pad. Or even how we try to disguise using a pad, even when we are in the toilets in case another female can hear the sound of the wrapper and God forbid they figure out we are fortunate enough to have a period. Menstrual products in general are made to absorb fluids and odors, hence preventing any visibility as though it is a shame to experience a period or for others to know (Johnston-Robledo & Chrisler, 2020). Periods are a force of nature, just like breast milk, urinating, or any other body fluid. There should be no stigma or shame attached, however, advertisements play a crucial role in stigmatizing menstruation. Johnston-Robledo and Chrisler (2020) found that negative attitudes from articles, books, magazines, and newspapers laid the foundation for women being viewed as irrational, sensitive, and physically/mentally ill; thus reiterating the fact menstruation is stigmatized.

The consequence of menstruation is the stigma that affects women’s overall health, sexuality, and wellbeing. Women already feel pressure to live up to societal standards and norms regarding physical appearance and this is not to discredit men who feel the same pressure. However, the lack of research on this topic speaks volumes. Odey et al., (2021)3 found that women tend to feel unattractive during their menses due to the symptoms and how their bodies alter. Cultures must change the way menstruation is viewed, and women need to take more control of the way they experience and perceive menstruation to reduce stigma.

Research from 20124 found that attitudes and perceptions of young males regarding menstruation are limited. The lack of open discussion and studies show how important it is to raise awareness amongst half the population, to prevent misconceived notions of menstruation and allow a better understanding of a natural process. Also, they did find that young boys lacked knowledge about menstruation which leads to the stigma around the topic.

Redefining Menstruation: Innovative Solutions to End Stigma

We previously discussed that menstruation stigmas are rooted in cultural, religious, and social beliefs that consider menstruating women impure, dirty, or unclean. Such stigmas perpetuate harmful taboos, isolating women and hindering their ability to openly discuss menstrual health. These stigmas manifest in various ways, including limited access to education, inadequate sanitation facilities, restricted social participation, and negative attitudes towards menstruation.

The consequences of these stigmas are far-reaching and can contribute to girls dropping out of school, health complications, and societal inequalities.

Why We Need Menstrual Health Education

One of the most effective ways to combat menstrual stigmas is through comprehensive menstrual health education. By promoting accurate information about menstruation, debunking myths, and fostering open conversations, we can empower women and girls to embrace their menstrual cycles confidently. Accessible and age-appropriate menstrual health education should cover topics such as menstrual hygiene practices, reproductive health, menstrual product options, and managing menstrual discomfort. When individuals are well-informed, they can make informed choices, break free from stigmas, and prioritize their overall well-being.

Innovative Solutions and Initiatives

Various innovative solutions and initiatives have emerged to address menstrual stigmas and improve menstrual health. These include:

Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) Programs

Organizations and governments have implemented MHM programs that provide access to affordable menstrual products, safe and private sanitation facilities, and proper waste management systems.

Policy Reforms

Governments are increasingly recognizing the importance of menstrual health and enacting policies to eliminate taxes on menstrual products, provide free menstrual products in schools and public spaces, and improve menstrual leave policies.

Menstrual Cups and Reusable Pads

Environmentally friendly alternatives like menstrual cups and reusable pads have gained popularity due to their cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and long-term benefits.

Menstrual Health Hotlines and Helplines

Menstrual health hotlines and helplines provide a confidential space for women and girls to seek information, support, and guidance regarding menstrual health. These services offer a lifeline to individuals who may feel isolated or hesitant to discuss their concerns openly.

Community-Based Initiatives

Grassroots organizations and community-led initiatives have played a significant role in combating menstrual stigmas. They work closely with local communities, schools, and healthcare providers to raise awareness, distribute menstrual products, and conduct workshops on menstrual health and hygiene.

Menstrual Product Donation Drives

Many organizations and individuals organize menstrual product donation drives to provide vulnerable populations, including homeless women and girls in low-income communities, with access to essential menstrual products. These initiatives not only address the lack of access but also contribute to destigmatizing menstruation.

Menstrual Health Advocacy

Advocacy efforts have been instrumental in bringing attention to the importance of menstrual health and dismantling stigmas. Activists, NGOs, and celebrities have used their platforms to advocate for menstrual equity, challenging discriminatory practices and calling for policy changes.

Menstrual Leave Policies

Some companies and countries have introduced menstrual leave policies, acknowledging the physical and emotional challenges women may experience during menstruation. These policies allow women to take time off work or school without stigma or penalty, ensuring their well-being and productivity.

Technology and Innovation

The digital space has also witnessed innovative solutions addressing menstrual stigmas. Mobile applications and online platforms provide information on menstrual health, track menstrual cycles, and connect women with relevant resources and support networks.

Menstrual Art and Activism

Artistic expressions, such as performances, exhibitions, and installations, have been employed to challenge menstrual stigmas and spark conversations. Art serves as a powerful tool to normalize menstruation, evoke emotions, and engage audiences in thought-provoking dialogues.

Menstrual Health Research and Funding

Increased research on menstrual health and menstrual product innovation has resulted in improved understanding, product development, and sustainable solutions. Funding initiatives focused on menstrual health have also emerged, supporting research, advocacy, and implementation efforts.

Finally, it is crucial to have open dialogues with everyone regardless of gender, sex, social background, and culture. This allows for early diagnosis and prevention of underdiagnosed menstrual conditions. By challenging stigmas, improving menstrual health education, and implementing innovative solutions, we can create a world where menstruation is celebrated, understood, and supported. It is crucial to foster an inclusive environment that respects women's bodily autonomy, dismantles discriminatory practices, and ensures equal opportunities for all. Let us continue to champion the cause, amplify women's voices, and break free from the shackles of menstrual stigma.

Written by: Rahmah Awawdeh M.S.

Edited by: Damilola Elewa

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