The Leading Cause of Depression in Women
Recently, it has been observed globally that depression is a public health problem affecting close to 280 million people, particularly women (1). Characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in daily activities, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Many women with a depressive illness never seek treatment, as they are not even aware of what they are feeling to seek professional help. But the vast majority, even those with the most severe depression, can get better with treatment.
Signs and Symptoms of Depression
- Persistent low mood: Women may experience a constant feeling of sadness or hopelessness that lasts for an extended period
- Loss of interest or pleasure: Hobbies, activities, or social interactions that used to bring joy may no longer be enjoyable or personal activities, including sex.
- Changes in appetite: Significant weight loss or gain due to psychological disorders, as well as changes in eating patterns such as binge eating or restrictive food intake, may occur.
- Sleep disturbances: Women with depression may have difficulty sleeping, experience insomnia (trouble falling asleep during the night), or excessive sleepiness.
- Fatigue and lack of energy: Feeling tired, sluggish, or lacking energy even with sufficient rest.
- Difficulty concentrating: Trouble focusing, making decisions, or experiencing memory problems.
- Feelings of guilt or worthlessness: Women with depression may have recurrent feelings of guilt, excessive self-criticism, or feelings of being worthless.
- Irritability or agitation: Increased irritability, restlessness, or experiencing a short temper and tension.
- Physical symptoms: Women may experience unexplained physical symptoms such as headaches, backaches, digestive issues, chronic pain like cramps, and panic attacks.
- Suicidal: Thoughts of unnecessary suicide attempts and death.
Not every woman who is depressed experiences every symptom. Some women experience only a few symptoms. Others have many. The severity and frequency of symptoms and how long they last will vary depending on the individual and the severity of the illness (2, 3).
Causes of Depression in Women
Understanding the primary causes of depression in women is crucial for addressing this silent battle and promoting overall well-being. Below are key factors contributing to depression in women(4, 5):
Biological Factors
Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels, particularly during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause, can contribute to mood disturbances. Many women develop postpartum depression after childbirth due to hormonal imbalances and changes in their physical activity and body.
Genetic Predisposition: A family history of depression may increase a woman's vulnerability to the condition, suggesting a genetic component.
Psychological Factors
Trauma and Stress: Past traumas, such as abuse or significant life stressors, can contribute to the development of depression.
Personality Traits: Certain personality characteristics, such as a tendency towards self-criticism or perfectionism, may elevate the risk of depression.
Social Factors
Social Roles and Pressures: Juggling multiple roles, such as being a mother, partner, and employee, can create overwhelming stressors, impacting mental health. Societal pressure faced by women facing infertility or delayed pregnancy is more of a stress factor that can lead to depression.
Societal Expectations: Societal expectations and stereotypes about women's roles and behavior may contribute to feelings of inadequacy and pressure.
Relationship Issues: Strained relationships, whether with a partner, family member, or friend, can significantly impact emotional well-being.
Social Causes: Social causes such as unemployment, abuse faced during childhood, and loss of parents at an early age.
If you think you may have depression or start to notice any of the symptoms, take the initiative by making an appointment to see your healthcare provider. This could be your primary doctor or a specialist who diagnoses and treats mental health conditions (for example, a psychologist or psychiatrist.
Conclusion
Empowering women with the knowledge and resources to overcome this mental health challenge is not just a medical imperative but a collective commitment by the government to nurturing a society where every woman can embrace life with resilience, joy, and a sense of purpose.
By: Roula Taher
Reviewed by: Nandini Elanchezian M. D.
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